12 Angry Men: Review 3

In the beginning of 12 Angry Men, they clarify that they had sat through six days of court listening to the case, and were now ready to decide the verdict. After those six days of hearing believed conclusive evidence and no defense from the plaintiff, it seemed to be an assured decision. When I researched on what exactly happens in the Jury Room it said: The first motion of business in a jury room is to select one of the jurors as a foreman. He or she leads the discussion and tries to encourage everyone to join in the discussion.Every juror should have input. The purpose of these deliberations is to have a robust, uninhibited discussion which will lead to a calm, unbiased reasoning. With that being understood, it helped me comprehend and get more of a grasp on what the climate the jury room should have. As we saw in the movie, the jurors entered the room and none of them seemed eager or looked like they had the motivation to sit there and converse. What make’s matter worse was the scorching heat with no air conditioning.They were locked inside a small room with 12 other men; one was sick, and almost all of them were smoking. Absolutely nobody wanted to be there, so the climate is completely negative to begin with. Climate is defined as the atmosphere or environment within a group and is experienced by all members of the group. It materializes and is impacted by communication and can either be supportive or defensive. The frame of mind is set by the irritated baseball fan who tells everyone he has a game to get to and makes it clear that this case has an unambiguous verdict.With this sort of nonverbal confidence he is showing in his decision, it provides confirmation to the jurors in the room that there is nothing significant to discuss. The only thing established is the fact that the jurors have already made up their mind about the boy being guilty without any discussion. To start the jurors meeting, they decided to take a vote of how many feel the boy i s guilty and how many do not. Fortunately for the boy being tried as guilty, there was one juror, Henry Fonda; that had a reasonable doubt about the case and stood against the others.It wasn’t that he had already a made a decision on the verdict; it was that he felt he couldn’t vote guilty and send a man to die until he at least talked about it. The climate in the room became exceptionally negative because they all thought they were going to be able to go home but Fonda stopped them from doing so by not voting guilty. One man wouldn’t stop yelling and others were taking his side making the environment in the room a bit hostile. Fonda was willing to face the ridicule of eleven angry men.He challenged every juror to effectively tell him why they are voting guilty, which promoted deliberation. By standing up to all of the others, he gradually began to gain respect from some of the other jurors who were now ready to hear what he actually had to say. Without being na med the jury foreman, Fonda turned the broken juror room into a proper and productive room. In my opinion, this was a fine demonstration of leadership. When they decided to take turns around the table putting their two cents in, Fonda sat there and listened.Instead of arguing for the sake of not guilty, he simply let the other jurors elaborate on some of the main facts they had in the case, which often became major points of speculation. Just by listening, Fonda was able to hear everyone’s arguments and the other jurors themselves started to second guess themselves because what they believed were based on wrongful facts. When they started discussing more and more about a particular fact or certain evidence, the smaller details became inconclusive. Without listening, none of what they had found out by speculating the facts, wouldn’t have unfolded the way it did.It was from there, they started developing cohesiveness and the jurors started opening their minds and explori ng all of the other possibilities. As they kept their discussions and expatiated on the facts that they can all relate to, clues about the case started to become clear. They started to listen to one another, realizing it was necessary to hear each other’s incite, and they finally began to support each other’s views. This is a perfect illustration of groupthink, which is where group members try to cut down on any sort of conflict by not evaluating, scrutinizing, or arguing with other people’s ideas.However, they had a conflict with one of the jurors. There was no intention throughout the entire movie that this was going to switch his vote because he had personal ties from a family feud he was portraying. He had told us that in the beginning of the movie that he got into a fist fight with his 16 year old son and hasn’t seen him in two years. Once everyone was on the same page, convincing this man to vote not guilty became the name of the gamehttp://www. ala meda. courts. ca. gov/courts/jury/procedure. shtml

Quantitative Technique

What is a linear programming problem? Discuss the scope and role of linear programming in solving management problems. Discuss and describe the role of linear programming in managerial decision-making bringing out limitations, if any. 2. Explain the concept and computational steps of the simplex method for solving linear programming problems. How would you identify whether an optimal solution to a problem obtained using simplex algorithm is unique or not? a)What is the difference between a feasible solution, a basic feasible solution, and an optimal solution of a linear programming problem? )What is the difference between simplex solution procedure for a `maximization’ and a `minimization’ problem? c)Using the concept of net contribution, provide an intuitive explanation of why the criterion for optimality for maximization problem is different from that of minimization problems. Outline the steps involved in the simplex algorithm for solving a linear programming maximiz ation problem. Also define the technical terms used therein. 3. â€Å"Linear programming is one of the most frequently and successfully employed Operations Research techniques to managerial and business decisions. ’ Elucidate this statement with some examples. †¦2†¦ †¦2†¦ 4. Describe the transporation problem and give its mathematical model. Explain, by taking an illustration, the North-West Corner Rule, the Least Cost Method and the Vogel’s Approximation Method to obtain the initial feasible solution to a transportation problem. Discuss the various methods of finding initial feasible solution of a transportation problem and state the advantages, disadvantages, and areas of application for them. 5. What is an assignment problem? It is true to say that it is a special case of the transportation problem? Explain. How can you formulate an assignment problem as a standard linear programming problem? Illustrate. What do you understand by an assignment problem? Give a brief outline for solving it. 6. What are different types of inventories? Explain. What functions does inventory perform? State the two basic inventory decisions management must make as they attempt to accomplish the functions of inventory just described by you. 7. What is queuing theory? What type of questions are sought to be answered in analyzing a queuing system? Give a general structure of the queuing system and explain. Illustrate some queuing situations. What is queuing theory? In what types of problem situations can it be applied successfully? Discuss giving examples. 8. What is a replacement problem? Describe some important replacement situations and policies. Briefly explain the costs which are relevant to decisions for replacement of depreciable assets. Illustrate their behaviour and explain how the optimal time for replacement of an asset can be determined. †¦3†¦ †¦3†¦ 9. What kinds of decision-making situations may be analysed using PERT and CPM techniques? State the major similarities between PERT and CPM. Under what circumstances is CPM a better technique of project management than PERT? A construction company has received a contract to build an office complex. It has frequently engaged itself in constructing such buildings. Which of the two network techniques, PERT and CPM, should in your opinion, be employed by the company? Why? 10. Describe the steps involved in the process of decision making. What are pay-off and regret functions? How can entries in a regret table be derived from a pay-off table? 11. What do you understand by Markov processes? In what areas of management can they be applied successfully? What do you understand by transition probabilities? Is the assumption of stationary transition probabilities realistic, in your opinion? Why or why not? 12. Explain how the probability tree helps to understand the problem of Markov processes. Explain the method of calculation of ending up in each absorbing state when a chain beings in a particular transient state. What is fundamental matrix of Markov chains? What does it calculate? 13. What is simulation? Describe the simulation process. State the major two reasons for using simulation to solve a problem. What are the advantages and limitations of simulation? `When it becomes difficult to use an optimization technique for solving a problem, one has to resort to simulation’’. Discuss. â€Å"Simulation is typically the process of carrying out sampling experiments on the models of the system rather than the system itself. ’’ Elucidate this statement by taking some examples. †¦4†¦ †¦4†¦ 14 . A company has three offers for its existing equipment in one of the divisions. The first buyer is willing to pay Rs. 50,000 at the end of 8 years’ period. The second buyer offers Rs. 39,000—consisting of an immediate payment of Rs. 14,000 and Rs. 25,000 after 6 years. The third buyer agrees to buy the equipment for Rs. 29,000 payable right away. Which is the best offer for the company if it can earn an interest @ 8% per annum on the money received? 15. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative techniques of forecasting. When is a qualitative model appropriate? Briefly discuss the Delphi method of making forecasts. 16. a)How do you distinguish between resource leveling and resource allocation problems? State and explain an algorithm for resource allocation. b)Explain the following as they are used in PERT/CPM (i)Beta distribution, and (ii) Budget over-run. †¦5†¦ †¦5†¦ 17. The following table gives data on normal time and cost, and crash time and cost for a project. `Duration (Weeks)Total Cost (Rs) Activity NormalCrashNormalCrash 1 – 232300450 2 – 333 75 75 2 – 453200300 2 – 544120120 3 – 441100190 4 – 632 90130 5 – 6 31 60110 i)Draw the network and find out the critical path and the normal project duration. ii)Find out the total float associated with each activity. iii)If the indirect costs are Rs. 100 per week, find out the optimum duration by crashing and the corresponding project costs. iv)With the crash duration indicated, what would be the minimum crash duration possible, ignoring indirect costs? 8. What is a `game’ in game theory? What are the properties of a game? Explain the â€Å"best strategy’’ on the basis of minimax criterion of optimality. Describe the maximin and minimax principles of game theory. †¦6†¦ †¦6†¦ 19. Explain the steps involved in solut ion to dynamic programming problems. Explain the following in the context of dynamic programming: (a)Stages (b)States (c)Pay-off function (d)Recursive relationship 20. A political campaign for election to the parliament is entering its final stage and pre-poll surveys are medicating a very close contest in a certain constituency. One of the candidates in the constituency has sufficient funds to give five full-page advertisements in four different areas. Based on the polling information, an estimate has been made of the approximate number (in thousands) of additional votes that can be polled in different areas. This is shown below. No. ofArea Commercial AdsABCD 0 0 0 0 0 1913117 21517115 31212325 425232129 531252733 Using dynamic programming, determine how the five commercial ads be distributed between the four areas so as to maximize the estimated number of votes.

Assignment on Hr Promotion & Transfer Essay Example for Free

Assignment on Hr Promotion & Transfer Essay Flippo †A promotion involve a change from one job to another that is better in term of and responsibility† Chruden and Sherman†A promotion involves a change of assignment from a job of a lower level to one of level with in the organization† Dale Yoder†Promotion is defined as a movement to a position in which in which responsibility and prestige are increased† Pigors and myers â€Å"Promotion is the advantage of an employee to a better job better in term of gather responsibilities more prestige and status gather skill and specially increased of pay or salary†. Employer to support employee higher position, sales, duties, response everything increased is as well as employees enjoy self-determination, (a)progress (b)preferment (c)promotion (d) position Promotions are used to fill the positions which are more important to fill rather than the present position of employee. It can be filled by external recruitment but employees having eligibility and experience must be appointed for their motivation. Also it will decrease labour turn over as external recruitment costs more. Also increase in salary and status will increase job satisfaction. When scale of pay is increased without changing job it is called  up-gradation  and promotion involves changes in job as well as high salary. When higher position is given without change in salary it is known as  Dry Promotion. All these,  Promotion Up-Gradation and Dry Promotion  are used by management to increase morale of employee and as giving reward also. Promotion means the employee present position to superior position . more obviously promotion is the association to the higher position where more responsibility and more power exits with more occurrence. In the higher position, sales, duties, response everything increased is as well as employees enjoy self-determination. The advancement of an employee within a  company  position  or  job  tasks. A job promotion may be the  result  of an  employee’s  proactive  pursuit of a higher ranking or as a  reward  by  employers  for good  performance. Typically is also  associated  with a higher  rate  of  pay  or  financial  bonus. In terms of a career, a promotion refers to the advancement of an employee’s rank or position in a hierarchical structure. Assignment on Hr Promotion & Transfer. (2018, Oct 29).

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Research Methods - Essay Example A fairly classic, everyday example of this is a fictional study that found a correlation between ice cream consumption and murder rates. In studying the two variables in a specific area, e.g., New York City, it would become clear that there is a relationship between ice cream consumption and murder because over the course of the year, they both rise and fall in a seemingly related pattern. Does homicidal proclivity derive from consuming too much ice cream No, it doesn't. The confounding variable here is the heat. As summer becomes hotter, people eat more ice cream; research has shown they also tend to have more violent outbursts. In this case, there is no valid relationship between the two variables even though, from a limited perspective, there appears to be one. For a research study to be effective or believable, it has to have strong conclusions (validity) which are based on consistent measurements (reliability); thus, the research design needs to consider these two elements and factor in methods which ensure a high quantity of each (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2000, p. 129). This approach provides the reader or researcher with confidence that the data was measured in a scientific and repeatable way, and that the conclusions are accurate and truthful as we can best understand them.

Style or Setting on A Cask of Amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Style or Setting on A Cask of Amontillado - Essay Example As Susan Amper maintains, â€Å"a chilling plot weaves themes tied to character, setting, and a haunting narrative voice†¦ The themes are bound up in the setting.† (Amper, 185) Significantly, the interplay of various themes and the setting of the story makes the major contribution to the success of the story as the finest tale by Edgar Allan Poe. In a reflective exploration of the setting of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, it becomes lucid that the storywriter has been effective in creating a setting which best suits to the overall themes and mood of the story. It is important to recognize that a great deal of critical attention has been fallen on the setting of the story, mainly because the author merely gives a vague hint about the exact location and the time of the story. In fact, the setting of the story creates a fitting environment of horror in which the narrator presents his story. Whereas the plot of the story creates an experience of horror in the readers, its setting provides an appropriate atmosphere of horror. In other words, Edgar Allan Poe unfolds the major action of the story in a setting which makes the readers feel the real horror of the plot. â€Å"It was about dusk, one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival season, that I encountered my friend. He accosted me with excessive warmth, for he had been drinking much.† (Poe, 78) Therefore, it becomes evident that author narrates the first part of the story in the background of the carnival season in Italy and this festive setting is contrasted to the setting of the second part of the story which is damp and gloomy catacombs. A comprehensive analysis of the contribution of the setting of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† to the tale as a whole confirms that the particular setting creates the emotional and mental position of the readers and the author narrates the story in this background. Significantly, this setting contributes significantly to the mounting atmosphere of horror as the story unfolds to the readers. Due to this particular setting of the story, the readers are always made to predict and be horrified about the unfolding action in the story, which effectively creates the emotional setting of the plot in the readers’ mind. It is important to note that the second part of the story is set in the dark and gloomy catacombs and this creates an emotional background in the readers. â€Å"On an emotional level, the catacombs contribute to the horror that the tale elicits. In addition, the catacombs by their nature and history contribute to the themes of death, resurrection, religious ritual, and religious persecution.† (Amper, 196) The setting of the catacombs has a central role in the entire action that follows, because it is in this background that the narrator builds up all the tension and horror in the story. Thus, the two main characters of the story reach this place in their way in search of the Amontillado. Sig nificantly, the setting is prepared at the most remote end of the deep crypt, in which the foulness of the air creates horror in the minds of the readers. â€Å"At the most remote end of the crypt there appeared another less spacious. Its walls had been lined with

THEORY- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THEORY- - Essay Example It shows that the structure has a logical importance rather than a particular one. Basing on a hypothetical approach to the induction of generic principles and their abstract and will not deal with interest in the knowledge of the work but on an understanding of its theoretical structure. Structural analysis is more concerned with the poetics of the work of literature as far as basics go and so its theoretical. Real work, when analyzed, brings out the comparative aspect of periods, genre, and the like with other analyzes and one cannot isolate a particular concept or trait to one work. Thus, structural analysis embraces abstract and theoretical approach and uses general principles to the study of a particular work and vice versa (Todorov, 1969). The poem "Evolution" by Sherman Alexie talks about a liquor shop that opens on a full day throughout the week. The store is located at the border where the Indians come with jewelry televisions sets to purchase the liquor. The voice of the poem describes how the men around the border make their approach towards the liquor store. The tone of the voice of the poem expresses attitude more so in the part when the poet describes the movement of the Indians towards the shop store. The reflection is seen by the words that the poet uses to describe the situation. The voice of the poem has a social perspective where the poet describes the main characters "Indians" showing how united they are in accomplishing the primary goal of the poem (purchase of liquor). The perspective of the voice contributes towards reflecting the poets point of view. The theme of the poem is to bring out the nature of shop businesses and their constituents. In a business at some point, cases of uncertainty emerge and this is reflected when the newly named Buffalo Bill charge Indians five bucks as entry fee. In the poem, the museum acts as the tax collector. The poem characters act as

The use of Mobile Phones in Marketing Coursework

The use of Mobile Phones in Marketing - Coursework Example A majority of these text messages are personal. However, businesses – particularly small businesses – can use SMS to their advantage. However, the mobile is increasingly more versatile and afros diverse ways in which it can be used by business enterprises 2. Using SMS to Advertise If you have a new product, service, offer, announcement, etc, you can effectively target your customers by sending them a SMS. Most of the latest mobile phones allow you to send a single text message to multiple recipients. The only disadvantage is that many of these phones have a maximum recipient number of around 10 (at the very most). However, in older mobile phones sets, the message has to be sent to multiple customers by choosing and sending them one by one, which takes much time. However, messages can also be sent using the personal computer just as it can be done using a handy mobile phone. The messages can be sent simultaneously to multiple recipients by using software that is availabl e freely n the internet. In this respect, this is similar to sending email messages by accounts like Yahoo or Google. This is particularly useful in case the mailing list is large. Essentially, the software acts similar to an email account allowing recipients to reply to you (this can even be delivered in the style of an email if required). 3. Mobile marketing Mobile marketing is a term used to refer to any one of two distinct categories of ways of adopting marketing suing mobile technology. Thus, one is the relatively new, yet common utility of mobile phones for marketing purposes. Here, there is a so called horizontal telecommunication convergence where the mobile phone plays a key role in garnering clientele or business for the enterprise. Another way that the term mobile marketing is used is actually as a more traditional utility and in this case, marketing is affected in a moving fashion; for example, technology road shows or moving billboards. However, although there are vario us definitions for mobile marketing, no commonly accepted definition exists. Mobile marketing is broadly defined as "the use of the mobile medium as a means of marketing communication" or "distribution of any kind of promotional or advertising messages to customers through wireless networks" (http://www.a1vm.com). A more specific definition would be the definition of mobile marketing as the use of interactive and wireless media so as to provide customers with time and location sensitive, as well as personalized information that can promotes goods and services or even ideas, for creating value for all stakeholders of the business (Blackett, 2011). As recently as in November 2009, the Mobile Marketing Association  updated its definition of Mobile Marketing as follows: Mobile Marketing is a set of practices that enables organizations to communicate and engage with their audience in an interactive and relevant manner through any mobile device or network (Mobile Marketing Association, 2009). Commonly, mobile marketing is also known as wireless marketing. However the term does not imply that it is necessarily mobile. For instance, a consumer’s communications with a website from a desktop computer at home, with signals carried over a wireless local area network (WLAN) or over a satellite network would qualify as wireless but would not be termed as mobile communications. Again, the increase in use of smart

Homework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Homework - Case Study Example The employees think that they will have lesser control over their functions and that the new way of doing things is posed to lessen their influence on strategic operations of the organization. Finally, and obvious resistance to change is the lack of skills especially in computer technology. Most employees are wondering how they will cope with information systems that they barely understand. The first step in dealing with resistance to change is awareness creation among all employees. Awareness creation should take place early enough so that the employees can understand the urgency and need for the proposed change. After creating awareness, it is imperative to train employees in the necessary skills for handling computer programs. In this case, Martin should develop training programs that focus on fully equipping employees with the computer skills. Another way of dealing with resistance to change is diversifying job functions since computers will render some staff jobless. There should be initiative to encourage task diversification so that employees can handle more than one function within the

Zero tolerance policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zero tolerance policies - Essay Example Zero tolerance policies are not effective as they cause more harm than good to an institution and the student offender at hand. Despite the conflicting arguments on the zero tolerance policies, it has been widely used as a means of controlling school disruption and chaotic instances. Punishments given to all offences are severe disregard of the intensity of the incidents. The zero tolerance policies has its limitations in that it fails to address the underlying causes of the incidence therefore making it ineffective in countering crimes effectively. Recently, most schools in the America and Europe have embraced this policies which has led to most students being suspended or even expelled from their respective schools. A number of concerns and questions have aroused due to a research on this policies. Among the questions include, â€Å"Do zero tolerance policies in schools reduce incidents of bad behavior? and What are the societal consequences of suspension and expulsion of students who violate these policies? Juà ¡rez, pp. 415-416)†. Little evidence is available to credit school safety and improve b ehavior in students subjected to this policies. Research on the effectiveness of expulsions and suspensions as an educational intervention, and other ethical concerns has generated data that shows the negative effects of the zero tolerance policies. This data has led to a change in punishments adopted in different schools which matches the offences committed and preventive measures of bullying and improvement in class management. Research done on finding of alternative ways of punishment will help schools in developing more effective and intrusive methods of school discipline. In September 17, 1999, a fight broke between students of rival gangs in a football game at Decatur High School in Decatur. In October 1, 1999 the School Board expelled the seven students, all black from the school for two years. This move provoked reaction

A good citizen Essay Example for Free

A good citizen Essay A good citizen is someone who cares for himself by being good to himself and for the country at the same time by casting vote during the time of election, being honest, law-abiding, paying tax regularly, thinking of common good, thinking of the society by leaving a common place clean and following the rules. Let us discuss the above mentioned points in detail to realise the responsibility of a good citizen. Being good to himself! One can be good to himself by being disciplined. Self-discipline is all about acting according to what your brain tells instead of acting accrding to how your heart feels. Often discipline is equated to loss of freedom, as it often involves sacrificing pleasure, for eg. Violating traffic rules, checking mail when sitting in the class, sleeping for five minutes more than the time set in the alarm, skipping a day’s work out, eating ice-cream when on diet and things similar to these. Self-discipline is so important in life that it makes you feel very confident when you go by the plans fixed by your brain. When petty pleasures such as eating icecream when on diet and checking mails plenty times a day are forgone, body gets tuned to abiding by the plans of brain, in return brain will gain a lot of pleasure as the body is in the right track. One can think of great plans and formulate complex agendas when the body is under the fullest control one’s brain. Casting a vote! Is it so important to cast vote. Voting in an election is just like donating blood to someone who is urgently in need of it. The dawn or demise of a nation purely depends on the attitude of every individual of the nation. Voting is the process of selecting a party of interest which shows suitable policies mandatory for the well being of the nation. Voting odes not just stop with casting a vote, in fact casting a vote is the last step in the process. It is the responsibility of every individual to keep a track on the parties in a country just like the shares bought. Only then it will be easy to understand the plans and real intention of the party despite the fancy policies that they share with the public. Tiny drops of water makes an ocean, so do not forget to vote and as a responsible citizen insist your friends to vote if they refuse to vote. Being honest is bliss; it is not easy to be honest, perhaps not impossible to be honest too. Taming a generation to be honest will help the next generation to be honest naturally. Honesty does not give way to corruption, bribery, injustice and therfore it helps every individual to get the share he deserves. When every individual gets what he actually deserves, the country will be derpived of famine, drought, poverty, terrorism, discrimination and many other evil practices. Law-abiding is just the practice of abiding by the law, just like how we abide by the words of our parents. Law is nothing but a set of rules based on the code of ethics to assure justice for all. A good citizen should respect the law instead of considering it a hindrance on his way. Any individual who goes by his conscience does not have to be bothered about law. Abiding by law reduces the crime rate and raises the standard of the nation in the international picture. Paying tax can be equated to paying the due respect to parents for taking pains to raising us. The tax that we pay is always less for the facilities the government provides us with. Imagine a country where there is no government, the country will be devoid of road, transport, justice, food, water and all basic amenities. Survival becomes a struggle for existence whereas now we are able to think of a business and estimate margin. A regular tax payer is helping the government to take care of the basic facilities and services and as well to take care of the people in the downtrodden who are deprived of these basic amenities. Thinking of common good! Until a particular period of time, there was no concern for the transgenders and they underwent all the ill-treatments on earth. Similary the colors from Africa and other parts of the world were given a bad treatment in U. S. until the Civil Right Act 1964 was enforced. These rectifications in a country did not happen all of a sudden and the radical shift was not an overnight’s change. People who respected the common good for others fought for it and bought it for them. The best example is Nelson Mandela who spent around 36 years of imprisonment fighting for the colors. A good citizen can give his share of contribution by not ill treating anybody, respecting the elders, helping others, doing charity work and so on. These petty works promise a lot of satisfaction. Leaving a place clean; a country is the house of a big clan of people. We bear the utmost responsibility to keep it clean as host of the place. A clean atmosphere always arouses pure thoughts and promises a fresh brain. We have done the maximum damage possible to our mother nature; let us at least try to keep our country clean, so that let our next generation inherit the discipline of taking care of the country after us.

The microstructure of cast iron

The microstructure of cast iron ABSTRACT THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON: In the experiment, the microstructures of five samples of different cast iron forms were observed and investigated under the optical microscope and an iron-carbide phase was studied. The suitable drawings were made under different magnification of 100 and 200. Each constituent of the microstructure was identified and also other structural features of the sample provided were identified. The samples areBlackheart malleable cast iron, Ferritic spheroidal graphite iron, Pearlitic spheroidal graphite iron, White cast iron and Phosphoric grey cast iron. The differences in the microstructure were due to the difference in heat treatment, process of cooling and additives present. COPPER SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOY: The eutectic alloy formed between silver and copper was observed. The microstructure of all the four samples was drawn using the optical microscope with 200 magnifications. 90%Ag 10% Cu, 72%Ag 28% Cu, 50% Ag 50% Cu, 30% Ag 70% Cu are the samples provided. An equilibrium diagram was constructed for the copper-silver alloy system, the features of interest as well as the constituent of the structure was identified for all the samples. INTRODUCTION THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON Cast irons are a class of ferrous alloys with a carbon content of between 2.0 4.5%; they contain sufficient carbon so that the eutectic reaction occurs during solidification. They are the most economical in terms of foundry cost which makes the useful even though they are quite brittle; they are fine for low stressed components like cylinder block. Their versatility makes them a high demand in the market. Cast iron contain contrasting amount of manganese, sulphur and phosphorus. They have varying strength and can resist wear and abrasion and corrosion and they can be easily machined. They are easily melted and cast making the good casting impression. The carbon in a cast iron exists in two forms, as a free form of graphite or in a combination as a cementite which is unstable iron carbide. Iron is hard and difficult to machine due to how brittle the cementite is while graphite is soft making the iron softer and easy to machine. Graphite weakens metal due to its occurrence in flakes by breaking up its continuity. Because of the characteristics of these two carbon form, the relative amount, the shape and distribution in the cast iron produces different cast irons variety of properties. Grey cast iron contains tiny interconnected flakes of graphite that allow low strength and ductility. Its the mostly used cast iron and named after its grey colour on fracture surfaces. White cast iron produces more cementite than graphite during solidification, it is a hard brittle alloy containing massive amount of fe3c. Alloyed white cast iron is used due to their hardness and wear resistance for abrasive wear. The name was given due to white fractured surface. Malleable cast iron is formed by the heat treatment of white cast iron, it has better ductility and they produce rounded clumps of graphite. It is very machinable and is made by heat treating unalloyed 3% carbon. A spherodite are micro constituent of coarse spheroidal graphite particles in a matrix of pearlite or ferrite, permitting excellent machining characteristics in high carbon steel. The structure of cast iron is affected by a number of factors. The type of iron form is determined by the rate of solidification as slow cooling will produce grey iron and the rapid one will produce white iron structure. Whether graphite or cementite is formed and by what quantity is determined by the carbon content of the melt and presence of other element. For example nickel and silicon promote the formation of graphite in the iron structure. The structure is affected by the type of heat treatment, cementite will decompose to ferrite and graphite will produce a completely different structure. COPPER-SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOYS: There are three single phase regions on the phase diagram of binary alloys of silver and copper. The phase is a solid solution rich in copper which has silver as the solute and an FCC structure it also include pure copper and is considered to include pure copper. An eutectic region can be defined as a three phase invariant reaction in which one liquid phase solidifies to form two solid phases. Copper and silver form an eutectic at 72%Ag and 28%Cu at a temperature of 780oC.The temperature at which an alloy become totally liquid decreases as silver is added to copper which is also the same as the addition of copper to silver. A microstructure may be defined as the structural feature of an alloy, its grain and phase structure that are subject to observation under microscope. Copper is a face centred cubic structured metal possessing good ductility, good thermal and electrical conductivity. It is often used as a constituent of various metal alloys. The melting point of pure copper is 1083oC while that of pure silver is 961oC. Silver possesses one of the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. It has FCC structure and is sometimes produced as a by-product of copper. When the full liquid solubility is possible with complete solid insolubility or very limited solid solubility then an eutectic relationship exist. This exists in copper and silver but they are fully soluble in liquid state. EXPERIMENTAL THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON Five prepared micro specimens were provided and the microstructure of each studied and drawn using a microscope. The specimens provided were Blackheart malleable cast iron at magnification 100 Ferritic spheroidal graphite iron at magnification 100 Pearlitic spheroidal graphite iron at magnification 200 White cast iron at magnification 100 Phosphoric grey cast iron at magnification 200 Each constituent and other structural feature of importance in the microstructure of white cast iron was labelled on the drawing. The procedure was performed to all specimens. COPPER-SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOYS Four polished and etched micro sections of copper silver alloys were provided. 30% Ag 70% Cu 72%Ag 28% Cu 50% Ag 50% Cu 90%Ag 10% Cu These alloys have already been melted in a gas fired furnace, deoxidised by polling with graphite rod and then cast in refractory moulds preheated to 500oC. I placed the samples under the microscope at a magnification of 200; my observation was drawn with the help of the microscope. The constituent and structural features are drawn and labelled, I repeated the steps for the entire specimen and the equilibrium diagram was drawn from the data. RESULTS The results are compiled in the couple of pages attached to the next pages. DISCUSSION THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON The way a metal is cooled produces the different structures of cast iron. Two of these structures are white and grey cast iron. As the metal is cooled, the amount of austenite in the matrix increases. At the eutectic temperature of 1130Â °C the remaining liquid solidifies producing austenite in a eutectic matrix. A structure consisting of cementite, Fe3C and eutectoid iron starts to form as structure starts to decompose. The eutectoid contains area of pearlite and cementite and its also a mixture of cementite and ferrite. The pearlite is formed as a result of the decomposition of the austenite on cooling. This structure is that of white cast iron which is formed due to the rapid rate of cooling. The cooling rate of white and grey cast iron affects the structure; fast cooling rate promotes white cast iron while slower cooling rate promotes grey cast iron. The carbide composition can have effect on the structure of the iron produced; high amount of chromium promotes white cast iron while low amount promotes grey cast iron. Section size can also determine iron structure obtained. Cool section cool faster and produce white cast iron while thick sections will cool slower promoting formation of grey cats iron. A number of variables must be controlled in order to produce grey cast iron instead of white cast iron. For a grey cast iron to form, the rate of cooling must be made as slow as possible. High silicon content will also promote the formation of grey cast iron as silicon has strong graphitising tendencies. Phosphoric grey iron is stronger, has a lower melting point and better fluidity than normal grey cast iron. The Blackheart malleablising process is the packing of white iron castings into pots with a neutral packing, such as sand or crushed slag, and heating them to 900Â °C for three days. After the three days they are cooled very slowly. The cementite in the white iron is being decomposed into ferrite and graphite is being precipitated in a smoothly dispersed form. The structure is composed entirely of ferrite and graphite. The graphite present in the structure is shown as ‘rosettes of carbon in the ferrite. After the process, the small amount of pearlite left has no effect on the properties of the casting. The steel produced in this process has good wear resistance and strength and reasonable toughness. Additives are used to produce spheroidal graphite iron rather than flake graphite iron. Magnesium amounting to 1-2% of the weight of the iron is added in the form of a nickel magnesium alloy of 10-20% magnesium. The alloy is used to prevent an extremely violent reaction from occurring. The presence of silicon also assists the formation of the nodules therefore Ferro-silicon is added. The sulphur level needs to be kept low in order to avoid removing the Mg as sulphide. In the production of a ferritic graphite iron, spheroids of graphite in pearlite matrix are heat treated to form spheroids of graphite in ferrite matrix. This is time dependent process and doesnt go into completion therefore causing pearlite area to still be seen. COPPER-SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOYS On drawing of the 30%Ag70%Cu, alpha particles can be seen and dark patches show primary dendrites outside eutectic. The 50%Ag50%Cu alloy sample also shows primary alpha dendrites outside eutectics. In the 90%Ag10%Cu sample there is small amount of eutectic and light areas show beta particles while the dark areas show alpha particle. On the equilibrium diagram ADB is the liquidus and ACDEB is the solidus. The area ACF represents the alpha phase of the silver in copper while BEG represent the condition of limited solid solution of copper in silver which is the beta phase. Below FCDEG the two phases alpha and beta exist side by side. The 72%Ag28%Cu micro section has an all eutectic composition with dark areas also representing alpha particles and light areas showing beta particles the centre of the microstructure is the first to solidify then the outside area. Composition of solid and liquid phases will vary with the temperature along the solidus and liquidus lines. The final liquid between composition C and E will always end at eutectic regardless of what the initial composition may be. As a result the solid will be composed of masses of A and B. At eutectic CW parts liquidus composition Y while WY parts composition C. During casting its virtually impossible to achieve equilibrium conditions. Coring is the non equilibrium cooling on microstructures. Coring explains how the varying primary dendrites allow lighter areas in the centre than in the outside. The properties of a cored structure are less than optimal, as a casting having a cored structure is reheated causing grain boundaries regions will meet first as long as they are richer in low melting components. The liquid film that separate the grain gives an outcome of sudden loss of mechanical integrity. The melting may begin at a temperature below the equilibrium solidus temperature of the alloys. Homogeneous heat treatment can be used to remove coring at a temperature below the solidus point of the alloy composition. During the process, atomic diffusion occur producing compositionally homogeneous grain. CONCLUSION Cast irons have many different structures each one caused by a different cooling rate, additives and different heat treatments. Formation of grey cast iron over white cast iron is promote by slow cooling rate and enormous silicon content Coring can be eliminated by a homogenising heat treatment. Magnesium and silicon help to produce spheroidal graphite iron rather than flake graphite iron To produce a ferritic spheroidal graphite iron from pearlitic spheroidal graphite iron the steel must be heated to just below the lower critical temperature. Phosphoric iron will enable to cast very fine details and in blackheart malleablising process, rosettes from graphite in ferrite matrix are produced from white cast iron. The composition of the copper silver eutectic alloys has a very large effect on the microstructure of the alloy, with different amounts of the phases being produced on cooling.

Past, Present, and Future: An Examination of the Hood and Historical Fi

Society has always been influential to fads that are displaced throughout media; the public witnesses a direct mirror of themselves and current culture portrayed on movie screens, musical lyrics, and televisions scripts. During the 1990s, African-American filmmakers depicted stereotypical black youth and culture in films such as Do the Right Thing (1989) and Menace II Society (1993), otherwise known as the â€Å"hood† films. However, as much to the popularity and success of the hood films, there was great opposition to it. Historical movies like Daughters of the Dust (1991) and Devil in a Blue Dress (1995) were created to argue against hood films to portray a different African-American community that is not racialized. I am going to compare and contrast both the hood and historical films Edward Guerrero and Paula Massood both believed that the hood film was created for the benefit of portraying reality in African-American communities. Yet, Mark Berrettini, Joel Brouwer, Roger Berger, and Marilyn Wesley argue that the hood films are counterfactual to society and historical films are necessary to show a positive African-American culture. Mirroring the anger and frustration of the African-American community of the 1960s-1970s, 1990s black filmmakers created the hood film. Like the Blaxploitation era, the film industry noted an increase in moviegoers and films to watch hood films. Both 1960s and 1990s, African-Americans were frustrated with their political and economic conditions in urban environments and addressed their anger towards making movies (Guerrero 159). It became Hollywood’s strategy to create an answer to black frustration with movies that illustrated social pressure in the ghetto (Guerrero 158). Hollywood also portrayed the ... ...he black population. Paula Massood and Edward Guerrero believed that hood films were essential to illustrate the social frustration of young African-American communities within urban communities. Although youth of color were criminalized and violent, it illustrated a hard truth for the greater society emphasizing the need for social and economic help in impoverish environments. On the other hand, Mark Berrettini, Joel Brouwer, Roger Berger, and Marilyn Wesley argue that historical films represented a community that was lost to the hood films; an African-American community that is resilient and spirited during times of slavery and racial inequality. Historical films are genuine for African-American communities because they displayed a positive outlook of their culture. Ultimately, both the hood and historical films are realistic to the African-American communities.

Makemedos Journey to Power in Aristophanes Birds :: Aristophane Birds Papers

Makemedo's Journey to Power in Aristophanes' Birds Humans have always journeyed in search of what they want and need. Our earliest ancestors were nomads, wandering the countryside in search of food and shelter. It is no surprise, then, that much of ancient and modern literature deals with the theme of the journey and getting what one wants. This is especially true in the writing of Aristophanes' Birds, from Aristophanes I: Clouds, Wasps, Birds, translated by Peter Meineck, published by the Hackett Publishing Company in Indianapolis, IN, in 1998. The main character, Makemedo, begins his journey by seeking a land free of worry and work, and ends it by becoming a divine ruler. His desire shifts from wanting a simple existence to wanting tremendous power. This change in his ultimate goal is shown throughout the play by a series of visits from other characters. Aristophanes uses the visitors as a way of mirroring Makemedo's journey on the path to power: the visitors represent the state of Makemedo's power, and the way he deals with them i s a reflection of his status. The first visitor on the path to power is Makemedo himself. He begins by journeying ". . . in search of a land free from hustle and bustle / where a man can just settle down and rest" (43-44). His original demands are simple, and his ultimate goal is to find the Hoopoe, a bird who used to be human, who will help him find such a land. Makemedo begins his journey as a seeker, delegating the power to the Hoopoe, who can help him obtain what he wants: We thought that you might be able to help us. That in all your flying about, you may have come across a nice soft and woolly city where two men can snuggle up and live in peace and tranquility. (119-122) The power is also in the hands of the birds themselves, who meet Makemedo and Goodhope with great hostility saying, "Now for these two old men, the penalty is clear: / Peck them to death! Tear them to shreds!" (337-338). Makemedo is in a position of very little power until he deviates from his original purpose and comes up with the idea for the birds to found their own city. The power shifts the moment the idea occurs to him. The birds are also won over: "Oh! What a transformation, from bitterest enemy to greatest friend! / You've won us over, from now on we're going to listen to you" (628-629).

Dont Drink and Drive :: Legal Issues, Social Issues, Informative

Topic: Don’t Drink and Drive Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that action is needed to deal with the problem caused by motorists’ who drink and drive. General Purpose: Solving the problems caused by drinking and driving will require action by friends, family, and law enforcement. Thesis Statement: Drinking and driving not only endanger your life, it endangers the lives of the innocent victims whose path you cross. Introduction: While watching TV one night, a special news report came on. There was a terrible accident in Marshal County involving a drunk driver. Six children were killed in the crash, a man driving a blue sedan had hit head-on with a mini van, carrying six children and their grandmother. All the children were pronounced dead at the scene, the grandmother and the man driving the sedan were the only survivors. Body: A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Don’t drink and drive, period. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cemeteries are full of people who thought they were â€Å"Ok to drive† along with the innocent victims whose paths they crossed. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Support law enforcement. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Don’t complain that an officer gave your kid an MIP, DUI, or DWI†¦ thank them. Transitions: Now that we’ve seen how drinking and driving are serious problems for motorists’ and their communities, let’s look at some causes. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It causes the deaths of over 16,000 people in America every year, an average of 44 each day, one every 33 minutes.† Conclusion: â€Å"Drinking and driving and alcohol abuse are claiming the lives of thousands of young people each year. If you critically injure or kill someone after making

Bio-fuels and how effective they truly are for the environment Essay

Biodiesel Biodiesel, classified as a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel which is produced thru extraction of natural fats and oils. It can substantially reduce green house gas emission due to its low sulfur content. It is now commonly used in various parts of the world. Biodiesel can replace petroleum diesel in both the transport and non-transport applications. A shift in the utilization of alternative energy resources (including alternative fuels) will change the total demand for biodiesel as well as the level of utilization in specific applications. Bioethanol â€Å"Bioethanol is a high-octane, water-free alcohol produced from the fermentation of sugar or other converted biomass. In its purest form it is a colorless clear liquid with mild characteristic odor that boils at 78oC and freezes at 112oC† (www. doe. gov. ph). Ethanol burns more cleanly because it contains oxygen and has a high octane number, hence less carbon monoxide emissions and averts premature detonation. It burns slightly cooler, extending engine life, and promotes higher volumetric efficiency of the engine, thus, increases power. Adding ethanol to gasoline â€Å"oxygenates† the fuel so that it burns with less emissions. Most modern gasoline vehicles could operate on pure ethanol with a few basic engine modifications. â€Å"A 10% blend requires no engine modification while making a contribution to reducing emissions. Anything more than 10% requires engine modification† (www. doe. gov. ph). The other commercial blends are E15 (U. S. A. ), E20 (Brazil), E85 (Sweden and Minnesota), and E100 (used with 4% water in Brazil and Argentina). Fuel ethanol is primarily used for land transport as alternative to gasoline in spark-ignition engines. Other Biofuels The potentials of other alcohols such as methanol, propanol and butanol can be exhaustively explored for very specific future applications that can further increase the total amount of biofuel substitute to conventional fossil and fossil derived fuels. Methanol produced from biomass is not economically competitive at present. There is, however, an interesting possibility as alternative to hydrogen as fuel. Propanol and butanol can be produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes. Butanol, particularly, is produced by fermentation in a process that can be modified for high net enegy gains. It has sufficiently similar characteristics with gasoline fuel such that there is high probability that it can be burned pure in existing commercial engines without modification and without any difficulty. There are other important biofuels such as biogas, charcoal, producer gas, etc. They can be processed and utilized in accordance with the provisions of existing laws, rules, regulations and standards. Studies are conducted in order that these important biofuels can be integrated into the biofuels program in a package for both energy and socio-economic objectives. Other First Generation Biofuels. The most common First Generation Biofuel is biogas which is a product of anaerobic digestion of organic materials an example of which is methane from wastes. Both the gas and digestate can be used as fuel. The utilization is usually site specific because of the environmental implications of production. A number of big commercial farms are producing and using biogas from wastes for process heating and the generation of supplementary power. Another first generation biofuel is Charcoal which is the product of the carbonization of hydrocarbon materials including wastes. Producer gas is from the gasification of hydrocarbon feedstock. In the late seventies, this fuel was utilized as engine fuel. The gas was generated from small wood chips fed into a reactor mounted unto the vehicle. Second-generation Biofuels â€Å"Second generation biofuels are those from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock using advanced technical processes. Being currently developed are: BioHydrogen, Bio- dimethylether (Bio-DME), Biomethanol, dimethylfuran (DMF), High Temperature Upgrading (HTU) diesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, Mixed Alcohols† (http://www. export. gov).

“On the Sidewalk Bleeding” by Evan Hunter Essay

In the short story â€Å"On the Sidewalk Bleeding† by Evan Hunter, we learn that the main character of the story, Andy, is struggling to remove his jacket while he lay in an alley bleeding. We also learned that it was very painful for Andy to move, let alone take off the silk jacket, but he did so anyway. The jacket he wore symbolized his belonging to a city gang called The Royals. Andy wanted to remove his jacket in his last moments because he did not want people to think of him as being just another member of The Royals; he wanted to be remembered as Andy. Andy did not want to be portrayed as simply another young teenager who was caught up in city gang violence, but as himself; and so he tried to remove it. Andy knew that if he died, he would no longer be a Royal, but just simply Andy. While lying in the alleyway, Andy realized that the only reason a member of The Guardians, their opposing gang, stabbed him was because of his purple silk jacket that had the words â€Å"The Royals† stitched to the back of it. The words of his attacker continuously repeated in his mind; â€Å"That’s for you Royal!† Andy knew that the knife that cut through him did not hate Andy, but hated the jacket. Andy realized that the title of being a Royal was no longer as important to him as it once was. The jacket he had once worn with pride had meant nothing to him, and was the cause of the stabbing that occurred. Andy wondered why he thought the fights, the jumps and the purple jacket were once so important to him. While he was dying, he finally realized that being a Royal was not worth it because he had just wasted his time. Andy suddenly felt as though he had never done anything, seen anything or been anywhere. Although it was painful for Andy to remove the jacket, he did so in his last moments because he had realized how stupid being part of a gang was. Andy struggled to remove his jacket from his backside because he no longer wanted to be part of gang violence. Andy did not want to be a Royal.

Operah

Winfred The individuals Pathway to Leadership- Born into a broken home in rural Mississippi on January 9, 1954 Opera Wineries troubled adolescence and life experiences made her the amazingly influential woman she is today. Testing her circumstances and blossoming into an inspirational young actress, producer and highly powerful host of the popular ‘The Opera Winfred Show, the power of media enabled her to enlighten millions of viewers and develop into a â€Å"global media leader,† while her accomplishments and charitable endeavourers have established her as a respected leader in the public eye.However none of this was without, tremendous suffering, trauma and struggle. As an unwanted child raised by her grandmother, Opera experienced a childhood of constant insecurity and after moving in with her mother (Veranda Lee) at the age of 6 became a victim of sexual abuse by male relatives. Suffering from this trauma Opera turned rebellious and at the tender age 14 gave birth to a premature baby that died. After choosing to move in with her father (Vernon Winfred) as a teenager her life changed completely.With her father insisting on discipline and control Opera gained the ability to find tidiness and motivation to excel in school and change her life. Wining a college scholarship that allowed her to attend Tennessee State University, in 1971 when she was, she began working part time as a radio announcer in Nashville where she became the first black female and youngest news anchor at the station. In 1973, Opera moved to Baltimore, where she hosted the TV chat show People Are Talking. The show became a hit and 8 years later she was recruited by a Chicago TV station to host her own morning show, ‘AM Chicago.The very first episode aired on the 2nd January 1984 and within few months, Winery's open, warm-hearted personal style and willingness to help others had had taken her show from last place to first in the ratings. Furthermore due to the success of th e television show, it was renamed ‘The Opera Winfred Show, which broadcasted nationally on the 8th September 1986. This made Winfred the first African American to host a talk show that was nationally syndicated. ‘The Opera Winfred Show broadcasted for twenty-five years from the 8th September 1986 to 25th May 2011.After taking every conflict she experienced as a hill and using it in a positive way, throughout Opera Wineries pathway to leadership she became possibly one of the most powerful and influential women in television.. The leadership style- Leadership relates to the guidance and direction an individual gives to others in order to attain a goal. A leader has capabilities that enable them to communicate and inspire group members in order to fulfill a task. Opera Winfred encompasses a number of different leadership styles to effectively touch, inspire and communicate with her audience.Her leadership style is a collaboration of task-orientated, people orientated, coll aborative, transformational and cultural values. Transformational Leaders are those who are highly inspiring and motivational. They are effective at addressing groups who require stimulation and encouragement. Transformational leaders are often highly respected by the audience/group members benefiting from their leadership. Generally, they focus of individual development and in turn, group development Opera is possibly one of the most inspiring women in television.With the struggle of her upbringing that she openly expresses to her audience on her how too her tremendous accomplishment today, it's easily seen that individuals are greatly inspired by her. She is persuasive and compelling, coaches her audience to take on greater obstacles and praises them for their efforts. Wineries inspirational way of leadership makes her the unique leader she is known as today. Cultural Leaders are those who represent the values and standards of specific cultures in their leadership approach.They in corporate the cultural beliefs and practices of the various cultural groups they are leading. In upholding this definition, as Winfred was rough up as a deprived African American she relates especially easily with the African culture of America and has become a major role model for the under privileged African Americans who watch and take guidance from her television show. Winfred furthermore possesses the ability to empathic with other African Americans due to her first hand knowledge and experiences making her such the unique and powerful leader she is.Task orientated leaders are those who are focused on the task at hand and are ambitious to complete the Job as proficiently and successfully as possible. Their ability to communicate to ensure a task is achievable is typically phenomenal. Opera Winfred, as shown in her show is capable of achieving individual's dreams by constantly giving. Her generosity is absurd and her willingness to meet other people's sufficient needs is incredi ble. This is shown in her show where in each week we observe generous amounts of money and luxurious gifts being given away.People orientated leaders focus on ensuring group members are content and satisfied with their role and function within the group. Opera says ‘my team is my family. Majority of her success has been from her great ability to organize and manage her â€Å"family' also known as her production team. Without those around her, helping her to create such a highly successful and beneficial television show and her ability to keep each and every one of them satisfied the show would not run near as smooth nor be as victorious as it is today. Collaborative leaders are democratic in their leadership style and look to guarantee equal group involvement.They greatly value teamwork and group effort and share common goals with others. Collaborative leaders look to ensure all members feel valued which in turn reduces conflict with a group. This is shown in Operas TV show w hen she collaborates with her guests such as Ellen Designers. It is also seen, as mentioned above in her concern and longing to work cohesively and keep her crew happy as not only did the nurturing of each of these relationships inform her success in the present, it set up her future and the future of her show.Opera combines various characteristics of each of these leadership styles to effectively communicate and empathic with her audience which is exemplified in her ability to look at issues from various perspectives and relate as well as help so many different individuals, making her such an influential and successful leader today. Effectiveness of the leadership Throughout the last two-and-a-half decades Opera has built an incredible empire; the key to her success and the effectiveness of this being her incomparable personality traits.Her message and example of positivist to â€Å"live your best life† endears her to everyone around her. Opera continuously is held in the hi ghest esteem because of her humor, reliability and optimism. Compassionate, humble, wise, unbiased and generous, Opera invited a world of strangers into her life – and we let her into ours. In doing this, her powerful message and leadership became relied on by people of all religious and cultural backgrounds. She effectively built a community based on that shared experience as well as her personal attributes that became too lovable and charming to resist.Her accomplishments as a global media leader and humanitarian have established her as one of the most respected and admired public figures today. One of Opera's main strengths as a leader has been creating a vision of her success, communicating that vision to those around her and being resolute in its doing what she set out. Step by step Opera crafted a focused brand and then slowly built it out by branching its distribution. After the success of her show came her company, the production of movies and other TV shows, multiple charitable foundations, a magazine, a radio channel and a website.In April 2000, Opera and Hearst Magazines introduced O, The Opera Magazine, a monthly magazine that has become one of today's leading women's lifestyle publications. With inspiring messages and compelling stories, Opera's union became bigger and better. In April 2002, Opera launched the first international edition of O, The Opera Magazine in South Africa, extending her live your best life message to another broad audience. Opera soon after launched â€Å"Opera & Friends† satellite radio channel in September 2006, which was renamed â€Å"Opera Radio† in 2009.Effectively more people now became able to take from Opera's leadership. Through her private charity, The Opera Winfred Foundation, she has awarded hundreds of grants to organizations that support the education and empowerment of women, children and families in the United States and around the world. Amongst her various humanitarian contributions, sh e has donated millions of dollars toward providing a better education for children in order to ensure their upbringing did not parallel hers.She also created â€Å"The Opera Winfred Scholars Program,† which gives scholarships to students determined to use their education to give back to their communities in the United States and abroad. Her exceeding generosity fails to cease with gifts and money given away every show. Three of the main foundations that she donates to are The Angel Network, The Opera Winfred Foundation and The Opera Winfred Operating Foundation. Not only does she gift with money and expensive gifts but also achieves aging dreams come true for individuals throughout the world.

Recruitment and Selection Process

Referencing should be provided in Harvard Style referencing. The word count limit for this assignment is 2500 words excluding references. (Index is not required for this assignment). The assignments shou-ld be completed in Font Tlpe: Time New Roman with Size 12 and double spacing between lines. For Office Use Ouly Result Deliverer Internal Verifier Name & Signature Date -J#E+ E‚ ¬EgEl :ffis3 rysi! l tr ri : , † l,lorrorl. r'r†r,r Course: HNC/HND Diploma in Business Unit 14 Working with and Leading People Assessment Decision Form To be tilled in by the Assessors & Verifier Assessors CommentInternal VerifierJModerator Comment: Any Action to be taken By Assessor: Exam Board Committee (EBC) Review: fflE ir-:;-:;: i, r' Managerrre:nt large national you have recently been appointed io the Human Resource Department of a staff of non managerial retailer, with specific responsluility for recruitment assistant for its Bradford branch and you The company is wanting to recrui t a full,time sales advise the senior management team of have been asked to prepare all relevant-oocumentation, they must observe and take part in the any legal, regulatory'and ethical considerations ecruitment Process.TASK that you comprete and encrose the following: rn order to full meet this brief you shourd ensure 1 ‘Abriefstaiementfortheseniormanagementteamoutliningthediffere- ncesandmerits your recommendations for the processes with between internal and external recruitment most suitable method' 2. A Job description correct format and person specification for the Job using the They could include some or all of the following: Job description . Job title o Department and location of Post . Broad terms of Job o Responsible to whom .Scope of Post Education and qualifications r Name of compiler and approver . Date of issue Person specification . Job title and reference number . Essential and desirable attributes r Physical characteristics required r Attainments and qualificat ion . Previous experience . Generalintelligence . Special aptitudes r Temperament and Personality . Hobbies and interests . Personalcircumstances ffln Miuragern-ient TASK 2 You must produce a briefing sheet for the senior management team to guide them on aspects of law relating to recruitment and selection of candidates. This should include:Sex Discrimination Act 1995197 Race Relations Act 1992 Equal payAct 1970 Disability Discrimination Act 1997 and 2005 Employment Act 2002 National Minimum Wage (current levels) Data Protection Act 1998 Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) ‘Religion or Belief) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 Any other relevant Acts (if any) There should also be a section on ethical issues such as: asking candidates the same questions guidelines for interviewers who are related to candidates gender and ethnic balance on interview panels TASK 3In pairs you will be interviewing a prospective candidate who has submitt ed a completed application form. For this task you wili need to complete and enclose the following: 1. Prepare a list of questions 2. to ask the interviewee based on their completed application form. Conduct the interview and write a brief statement afterwards to analyse how you contributed to the selection process. What went well and what could have been improved? fflG In order to achieve Pass Grade Evidence on page Tasks staff To include Job description, person specification, interview questionsAssess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations tn the reernifment and seleetion orocess 5 Take part in the selection Process 4. Evaluate own contribution to the selection process All Tasks 1 – 4 should be completed In order to achieve Merit Grade Effective Judgements have been shown in tasks 1 -4 In order to achieve Distinction Grade A critical reflection is evicient on tasks 1-4 Assessor's Feedback on Outcome Criteria LO 1. t. z Assessment Criteria )repare documen tation to select and recruit a new member of staff assess the impact of legal, egulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment Assessor's Comments take part in the selection process evaluate own contribution to tfre selection process lvlanzrgement Learning outcomes LOI recru itment, selection and retention Be able procedures Assessment criteria for pass The learner has to: 1. prepare documentation to select and recruit a new member of staff I-. 2 assess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment and selection process 1. 3 take part in the selection process 1. 4 evaluate own contribution to the selection process .

American Airlines Flight 1420 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Airlines Flight 1420 - Research Paper Example , underscore several key human factor failures and investigate how each of them generated some other failures by that creating a chain of errors that finally materialized to the accident. We shall address safety recommendations that would prove useful in the air travel industry. The findings regarding the accident of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82 (MD-82), N215AA reveal a situation that featured 2 flight crew members. It involved four flight attendants and 139 passengers (Aircraft accident report, 2001). The death toll hit 11, a tally that featured the captain and ten passengers. There were serious and minor injuries featuring 105 passengers, the first officer, and flight attendants. 24 passengers sustained no injuries (Aircraft accident report, 2001). The plane suffered destruction from impact forces plus post-crash fire (Aircraft accident report, 2001). Details regarding the crew operating American Airlines flight 1420 affirm that the captain and first officer were certified and qualified under the federal and company requirements. They were medically fit to conduct the flight with no tangible evidence of pre-existing conditions that would have adversely altered their performance. They were placed in charge of an equipped, certified and well-maintained aircraft with no evidence to suggest pre-existing failures of the engine and the entire system (Aircraft accident report, 2001). All decisions and outcomes were thus dependent on the flight crew soon after the departure. The accident was prompted partly by human mishap.The findings suggest that the initial decision to descend into the terminal area was marred by an approaching thunderstorm. However, the crew were rational enough to imagine that they would reach that particular area before the thunderstorm (Aircraft accident report, 2001). The weather factor poses a potential threat to the safety of the entire flight. But decisions regarding a last minute change of course of action would only happen when there is

Research Change Models, Diagnosis Instruments, and Specific Change Assignment

Research Change Models, Diagnosis Instruments, and Specific Change Interventions - Assignment Example If the soft Ss are to be changed or transformed, immense effort in terms of training and development, leadership development and soft skill training would be required. Changes to any of the elements of hard S would have a direct impact on all the soft Ss and also on the entire organization. Thus, McKinsey’s 7-S model provides a bird’s-eye view of change implementation; however, does not provide any specific path for change implementation. Moreover, Higgins (2005) pointed that change in any aspect would place different demands and requirements on the other elements (Amos et al., 2009). This model has been extensively described in Peter and Waterman’s (2004) work. Kotter’s eight-step model (1996) is a detailed and comprehensive approach to change management, which addresses issues with leadership and commitment, and signifies the role of motivation and communication. The eight steps in sequence are: This model can be adopted as an effective change management technique as it provides all required guidelines to managers to institute change in the organization (Kotter, 1996). The best part is that this model can be applied at individual, team and organizational levels. However, it does not address people’s attitudinal issues with respect to ideation and adaptation to change. First developed by Kurt Lewin (1947), force field analysis can be used as a diagnostic instrument in assessing reactions to organizational change (Hughes, 2007). In this model, Lewin identified three processes involved in any change mechanism, which include unfreezing, moving and refreezing of organizational processes (Anderson, 2009). All processes in an organization are held in equilibrium between driving and restraining forces; any change needs to be balanced between these two forces. If not, equilibrium will be disturbed. For example, factors supporting a change include customer demand, market demand, low

Justification Report Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Justification Report Memorandum - Essay Example The results of the survey proved to be increasingly enlightening. We had known that the problem existed, however we had no idea that it was so acute. We received 56 complaints out of the average 90 families we served in our restaurant last week only. The customers were questioned about the quality of food, the type of service, overall experience and cleanliness at the restaurant. The problems most concerning our customers are best represented by the graph below through the information collected by the survey. As we had predicted, our quality of service was rated as the worst amongst the four factors. As the graph shows, our second most frequent complain was about the lack of uniqueness in the environment in our restaurant while our food quality and cleanliness factors have been rated top notch by most customers. Some serious remedial steps need to be taken to avoid further loss of customers and taint the image of the restaurant forever. This report presents why customer service is such an important factor for a top-of-line restaurant like ours and what steps can be taken to remedy, and even enhance the restaurant's image and performance. These days creating a dining experience for the customers making them come back for more means a lot more than just great food and attentive table service (Kharasch, 2007). Hiring an interior decorator to improve on the ambience makes a lot of sense especially when customers complain about ambience second most frequently. Improving the environment of the restaurant and creating a memorable experience for the customers will definitely help to compensate for the occasional sluggishness in quality of food and service. People would want to spend more time in the restaurant thus any time delays to deliver food or bills won't even register to the customer's minds. Also more time the customer stays in the restaurant, more likely the chances that more orders will be made. (Rainsford and Bangs, 2000) Technical Feasibility No technicalities involved Economic Feasibility High cost for interior decoration Operational Feasibility No operational difficulties Alternative 2 The restaurant currently has a staff of more than 26 employees of which 18 are always on duty. The daily average customer inflow is approximately 110 while on weekends the average is around 180 when all 26 employees are required on duty. There seem to be enough servers even in the peak hours however the customers have to wait a long time. Hiring additional staff seems to be a likely option for the restaurant. With more chefs on hand, the food can be prepared much quicker and more servers can deliver the food to the customers quicker. Part time hiring of 2 chefs and 3 servers for weekdays and 5 chefs and 10 servers for weekends will most-likely solve the issue at hand. Part time employment will be beneficial for the restaurant for its lower cost and for the employees as well due to its flexible nature. (Rainsford and Bangs, 2000) Technical Feasibility Quality dispersion Economic Feasibility High costs for hiring and training new employees Operational Feasibility Too many cooks spoil the broth Alternative 3 Mechanization is being used in most of the industries nowadays. In fact now the world is moving towards incorporating information

The arctic melting of global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The arctic melting of global warming - Essay Example If the ice melts, then the global temperature would increase because the earth would absorb more heat from the sun. This would then affect the weather patterns not only across the northern hemisphere but also globally. The ice that covers the Arctic region functions as a reflector where it reflects much of the sun’s heat back to space. This helps in cooling the planet and making it habitable and provides a sense of balance by driving atmospheric circulation. If the balance is affected by increase in temperatures at the Arctic region, then there could be devastating results that include cyclones and typhoons, which are responsible for mass deaths. Additionally, if the seas become warmer, they may endanger aquatic life and possibly lead to extinction of certain species. Since melting ice increases the volume of water in the oceans, the ocean level raises leading to a higher possibility of mass deaths mostly caused by Tsunamis if earthquakes strike the coastal regions. This then leads to the conclusion that the Arctic should be protected from melting because the repercussions could be far reaching in that the entire globe would be affected. This region can be protected through reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the

Evaluate the main factors you would consider for market selection into Essay

Evaluate the main factors you would consider for market selection into an emerging market country of your choice - Essay Example Before a business can fully begin operations in a foreign, a number of options must be explored and entry models developed and adopted that fit the market in question and its dynamics. Emerging economies have been at the centre of the current wave of international investment due to the potential they hold in terms of investment opportunities and the available market. The emerging economies are blocked together form the BRIC block, which has countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and china. India is currently one of the fastest growing economies with significant business potential due to its high population and political stability (Milhaupt, 2008). Table of Contents Executive summary 2 Indian growth and macroeconomics trend 4 Emerging markets entry modes 6 Trade theory and competitive advantage 8 Socio-political, cultural and demographic considerations 9 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 Introduction Block and Quayle (B & Q) is a British based multinational with subsidiaries in china, Ho ng Kong and Taiwan where the company offers its home improvement and DIY services. However, as a means of surviving the current economic instability and seeking new markets, the company seeks to open a new subsidiary in India to tap on the enormous potential the country (Kleinman & Hall, 2007). The business must also develop a much informed entry approach into the economy to help resume normalcy faster once the operations begin officially. In this paper, the factors affecting entry into the international market and more specifically emerging economies will be evaluated. This evaluation will majorly focus on the strategies that B & Q should develop in their quest to enter the Indian market (Bihar, 2013). Indian growth and macroeconomics trend The surging growth of the Indian economy has made it quite easier for multinationals and other smaller firms from other countries to invest in the country and tap on the enormous potential the country presents as an emerging economy. Currently, there has been a significant craze in the development of trade ties between emerging economies and firms from developed countries and this has been attributed to the positive trend of such economic blocks. The broadening economic recovery of India has created significant confidence between investors and other international firms and this explains the current surge of multinationals in the country. India has repositioned itself as one of the major international hubs of investments due to its large human resource, available market for goods and services and positive trends towards development (Sathyamurthi, 2012). The country’s growth rate has been on a positive trend heading towards double digit growth index with the international monetary fund placing the country’s growth index at 8.2% in 2011 financial year. The Asian development bank estimate that Indian middle class has the potential of growing from 1.2 million in 2030 to more than 1.4 billion in 2050, a figure that will translate into an increased national gross domestic product (Sathyamurthi, 2012). According to a study conducted by the oxford economics, Indian growth trajectory promises a better future which the multinationals like B&Q can explore to increase their profitability. In 2010, the country’s economic output stood at Rs 67 trillion, a figure that is expected to expand to over Rs 144 trillion in 2020. This, coupled with the positive demographic trends posted by the country depicts a future with a population

Biomechanics - Body Movements Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biomechanics - Body Movements - Assignment Example The two muscles are antagonistic to each other. The biceps brings about flexion while the triceps is responsible for extension of the upper arm. The upper end of the biceps has its origin from the scapula and its lower end is inserted on the radius bone lying on the medial aspect of the forearm. The muscle is located in the front portion of the forearm. Contraction of biceps brachii in response to nervous stimulation causes flexion i.e. the forearm is raised in an upward movement. The muscle is therefore categorized as a flexor muscle. In response to the flexion, i.e. when the biceps contracts, the antagonistic triceps muscle relaxes simultaneously. The triceps is located in the posterior portion of the upper arm with its origin from the scapula as well as the humerus bones. The point of insertion of triceps is at the olecranon process of the ulna, the long bone in the forearm located on the lateral side. Contraction of the triceps straightens or extends the arm and this is the reaso n for its classification as an extensor muscle. The movement follows the pattern of a lever of the third order, wherein the load is located at the hand, and the fulcrum at the elbow (Peterson & Bronzino, 2008). 2) In no more than 250 words describe the function of the skeleton and its importance in movement. The human skeleton is an integrated framework of 206 bones which supports the soft tissue and protects the vital organs (McKinley & O’Loughlin, 2008). The skeletal system has been classified as the axial skeleton, comprising of the bones lying along the central axis of the body, which includes the skull, the vertebral column and the rib cage; and the appendicular skeleton, comprising the bones of the arms and legs, as well as the pelvic and the pectoral girdles (McKinley & O’Loughlin, 2008). The appendicular skeleton is more pertinent as far as the body movements are concerned although the axial skeleton is by no means non-contributory, as it provides the central a xis or the pivot around which the body movements occur. The mandible is the mobile portion in the skull and the vertebrae too glide to a certain extent to impart flexibility to the vertebral column. The appendicular skeleton however shows a great degree of motility and is responsible for locomotion. The upper and the lower limbs emanate from the pectoral and the pelvic girdle respectively while the ribs form a bony cage to protect the vital organs. The skeleton provides the hard, bony framework for the origin as well as insertion of the skeletal muscles, the contraction and relaxation of which is actually responsible for locomotion. The skeletal muscles are highly specialized and often occur in pairs to produce movement antagonistic to each other. The movement of the joints can vary from simple gliding, rotation, adduction, abduction, flexion and extension. The muscles are firmly attached to the bones through specialized structures called ligaments and tendons and movements occur in the form of levers of the 1st, 2nd and the 3rd order. 3) In no more than 250 words describe and provide examples of each synovial joint. Synovial joints are freely mobile articulations in which the participating bones are separated by a space called joint cavity (McKinley & O’Loughlin, 2008). These joints are freely mobile and are functionally classified as diarthrosis. There are four synovial joints in the human skeleton viz. the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint; the temporomandibular joint; the elbow, and the knee joint (McKinley & O’

Concepts of Wellness Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concepts of Wellness - Annotated Bibliography Example This study found that by either keeping elderly patients in the community at large, or creating a substitute community within a care facility, the patients quality of life and well-being could be drastically increased. This study again showed a linkage between emotional wellness, social wellness, and physical wellness. This study reviewed current literature on the connection between spiritual wellness and mental health. The author found that spiritual health could be further broken down into components, which all added up to good spiritual health. One of these components was a sense of community with others who held similar beliefs, so once again links back to social and emotional health. The study found that there were profound implications for mental health treatment in the area of spiritual wellness. This research looked into the wellness needs of online and distance learners in a college setting. The study found that in many cases, the wellness needs of such students were being overlooked. Their intellectual wellness was met through challenging courses and online discussion, but in many cases their social and emotional needs were not met. The implications of this study are that students with lower levels of overall wellness tend to perform less well in their studies, and so more of an effort needs to be made to meet all of the wellness needs of these students in order to help them reach their full potential. This research focused on overall wellness for employees in a university setting. The study found that most of the research subjects had high levels of overall wellness, but were lacking in physical wellness. Poor nutrition and long working hours contributed to this issue. This study shows that even if most of the dimensions of wellness are met, failing in just one area can affect overall health in a significant

Literacy Autobiography Essay Example for Free

Literacy Autobiography Essay In my younger days, I thought of the term literacy as being able to physically read a written piece of work. I thought the ability to read was when an individual could actually pick up a book, magazine, or even the daily news, and have the ability to understand the collage or words on the page. Most believe that this simple understanding of what words are on the paper is all there is to know about reading. But what most people do not know, is that there is a much deeper meaning behind the word literacy. Along with being able to actually read a piece of literature, there is also having the ability to  determine what that piece actually means or the overall message behind it. This helpful but yet difficult skill to attain is the ability to analyze. Many individuals tend to leave the process of analysis out of the equation when discussing literacy abilities. Some also over look the fact the knowledge gained through reading can be applicable to life in general. Consequently, these talents are not just acquired overnight. Learning to read and understand written words and languages takes time, as there are many more parts to literacy than one would imagine. Although learning to read can prove to be difficult, even for the smartest of children, everyone has to start somewhere. For me, my journey began when I was in kindergarden. My teacher, Mrs. Kroon, had a clever trick to help teach her students how to read. She believed that learning to read starts off with becoming familiar with the alphabet and learning what sounds and noises each letter can make. With the help of her blow up alphabet heroes, she was able to teach my classmates and I how recognize each letter of the alphabet. She also helped the class relate a sound or set of sounds to each  different letter. At the time, I had no clue what the significance of learning these letters was. But since learning about the letters was taught in an appealing matter, I was able to pick up on it pretty quickly. Every day my fellow students and I were introduced to a new and exciting alpha-hero as Mrs. Kroon called them. We focused the majority of class on learning about the letter, learning how to say it, and of course how to write it. Day in and day out we would learn more and more about these exciting letters and by the time the end of the school year had come, we had seen each letter multiple times. We had also learned how to put these letters together into words. Little did we know this was the start to a long journey in the world of reading. The question I always asked myself is why is this significant to me? What was so important about these letters that I had to spend the majority of my time in school learning about them. Sure, learning about each hero was fun as it appealed to my love for super heroes, but at that young of an age I was not able to comprehend why I was learning about these different symbols. It was not until first  grade when I actually learned to read that I discovered why so much of my time was spent on these symbols. Every day before class started, our entire school participated in a silent reading period for approximately twenty minutes. During the first few sessions, I was puzzled while I was reading and often found it difficult to understand the puzzle of words in the books. As our teacher worked with us more and more on pronouncing and identifying words, I started to catch on to the material. I would look at a book and for some reason I could understand what the book was saying. It was almost as if the words jumped right off of the page. Shortly after, I was able to pick up many different interesting books and successfully read them to myself. It was like I had acquired a super power; I was able to read! I had developed a skill that most children struggle with for years. I was one of the fortunate ones. Everyday after this realization I became more fascinated with this exciting new discovery. I would read for hours on end just because I could. Its safe to say I was one delighted first grader. And that is where I thought the journey ended. I had learned to read, but the significance of all this reading nonsense had me puzzled. Year in and year out our classroom instructors put a strong emphasis on reading and I could not understand why. It seemed as if the only new benefit to reading was an extended vocabulary or reaching higher reading levels. This may have been the goal at the time being, but it was not until my junior year that I built on my childhood reading foundation. Unfortunately by this age I had lost most of my interest in reading. This made one of my literature  classes very difficult, as we were asked to read a variety of written works. As a class, we were also asked to â€Å"analyze† the readings for deeper meanings. At first I had quite a rough time learning to discover these hidden messages, but as I practiced I became familiar with the process. I came to find that these messages were all around me. For example, after analyzing the childhood story The Hare and the Tortoise, it is evident that the message or moral behind the story is for one to take their time when completing a task as â€Å"slow and steady wins the race. † With each passing day, I became increasingly familiar with this new found talent and analyzing written works was no longer a hassle. Not only could I find the overall message in a piece of literature, but I had also acquired the ability to support my argument with evidence from the written work. This concept of analysis seemed to be the icing on the cake in the concept of literacy, but little did I know I still had more to learn. Although I have come far in my literacy journey, it has taken me almost nineteen years to realize that a reading journey is a life long process. The lessons we learn through the process of reading and analyzing can be used in everyday life, even when one is not actually reading. I have learned that many of the things I do daily involve reading or analyzing whether I know it or not. Simple gifts such as having the ability to tell what mood a friend is in, or whether or not an outfit is appropriate for school also relate to the acts of reading and analyzing. Likewise, when a person can tell what type of a mood another person is in because of their body language, that is in fact reading. The individual is  analyzing the others behavior in order to discover the mood of their colleague. The same concept can be applied to making choices. Within each different decision an individual makes they weigh out the positives and the negatives of each option and then choose what to do. Some may call it decision making, but it is also a type of analysis. Each option is carefully analyzed before a decision is made which proves that humans including myself use these types of strategies everyday. Just like analyzing a piece of work, guessing another persons mood or feelings takes practice. The more an individual takes the time to analyze a situation or person, the easier the process becomes. It is very interesting to truly see how many valuable lessons and skills can be acquired through reading. Even though my journey in the world of literacy is not quite over, I have learned a great deal of information about myself through reading. From kindergarden to high school I have been able to overcome each step on the path to reading success which has lead to a great deal of knowledge. Along with learning to read nearly any book that is thrown my way, I have also learned how to find deeper  meanings in literature and in life. Many of concepts in which I choose to believe in such as â€Å"being yourself† and â€Å"never giving up† have been discovered through reading. I know I have much more to learn about the world of literature and reading and I cannot wait to see what lies on the road ahead. I hope that throughout my college days I am able to make many more discoveries about myself and the world around me. I truly believe that these types of discoveries and lessons shape us into who we are. Without successfully learning to read and analyze, I would not be the person who I am today.